at the expected age. These milestones can include learning to walk, talk, respond to others, sit up, or express emotions appropriately. While all children develop at different rates, missing several key milestones over time may signal a concern that requires attention.
In Nigeria, awareness about developmental delays in babies is increasing, but many parents still lack access to early diagnosis and support. Recognizing delays early—and acting on them—can make a world of difference in a child’s life.
Types of Developmental Delays
Developmental delays can happen in one or more of the following areas:
1. Motor Skills
- Gross Motor Skills: Rolling over, sitting, crawling, walking
- Fine Motor Skills: Holding objects, picking up items, pointing
2. Language and Communication
- Making sounds, babbling, using gestures, forming words and sentences
3. Cognitive Skills
- Problem-solving, memory, attention span, understanding cause and effect
4. Social and Emotional Development
- Smiling, eye contact, showing affection, reacting to caregivers
5. Self-Help/Adaptive Skills
- Feeding self, dressing, following basic instructions
If a child consistently lags in any of these areas, especially compared to peers or siblings, it might be a red flag for a developmental issue.
Here’s a breakdown of what to expect and what to watch out for when monitoring baby growth and development.
By 3 Months
Should be able to:
- Smile socially
- Lift head while on tummy
- Startle to loud sounds
- Follow faces and moving objects
Red Flags:
- Doesn’t respond to loud noises
- Doesn’t follow moving objects
- Doesn’t smile at people
By 6 Months
Should be able to:
- Roll over in both directions
- Sit with minimal support
- Babble with early vowel sounds
- Recognize familiar faces
Red Flags:
- Stiff or floppy muscles
- Lack of affection
- No vocal sounds or laughter
By 9 Months
Should be able to:
- Sit without help
- Respond to own name
- Understand basic “no”
- Transfer toys between hands
Red Flags:
- Doesn’t bear weight on legs
- Doesn’t sit independently
- Doesn’t babble or make a variety of sounds
By 12 Months
Should be able to:
- Pull to stand
- Say simple words like “mama” or “dada”
- Point to objects
- Use simple gestures like waving
Red Flags:
- Doesn’t crawl or stand with help
- Doesn’t use gestures
- Doesn’t say any words
By 18 Months
Should be able to:
- Walk alone
- Say at least 10 words
- Imitate actions
- Feed self with fingers
Red Flags:
- Can’t walk
- Doesn’t point to show interest
- Has trouble learning new words
Why Early Detection Matters
Early detection and early intervention for delayed development can help children catch up in critical areas. According to UNICEF, children who receive support before age 3 show greater improvement than those diagnosed later.
Benefits of early diagnosis:
- Prevents further developmental gaps
- Enhances school readiness
- Reduces long-term need for special services
- Improves communication, motor, and social skills
When to Consult a Pediatrician
Sometimes, delays are temporary and resolve naturally. However, in other cases, they may be a sign of underlying issues such as:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Cerebral Palsy
- Down Syndrome
- Speech and hearing impairments
- ADHD or intellectual disability
Seek professional help if:
- Your child loses skills they previously had
- Milestones are missed across multiple areas
- You feel something “isn’t quite right”
Don’t brush it off as “the child is just slow”—consulting pediatricians for developmental concerns early increases the chances of a positive outcome.
Support Systems and Resources in Nigeria
Though still developing, Nigeria has growing resources to support parents of children with developmental concerns.
Hospitals and Clinics:
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) – Developmental Pediatrics Unit
- National Hospital, Abuja – Child Psychology & Neurology Clinics
- University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan – Child Development Services
Therapy and Support Services:
- Patrick Speech and Language Centre (Lagos)
- Blazing Heart Autism Center
- The Let CP Kids Learn Foundation
- Sami’s Voice Foundation
Online Resources:
- 9jacares Teletherapy
- MyBabyAfrica.com – Parenting and baby development
- Nigerian Parenting Forums on Facebook and WhatsApp
Practical Tips for Parents
Here are actionable steps Nigerian parents can take to support their baby’s development:
Track Milestones:
- Use a milestone tracker app like “CDC’s Milestone Tracker”
- Note down new skills and regressions in a notebook
Encourage Play:
- Use toys that promote hand-eye coordination, like stacking rings
- Play peek-a-boo, sing lullabies, and talk to your baby regularly
Connect with Experts:
- If unsure, visit a registered pediatrician, preferably one with developmental expertise
- Don’t rely solely on opinions from relatives or neighbours
Join Support Groups:
- Connect with other parents online or in your community
- Share tips, resources, and get emotional support
What Other Parents Say
“I was worried my son wasn’t talking by age 2. The doctor referred us to a speech therapist. Now, he’s making great progress! I’m so glad I didn’t wait.” – Amaka, Lagos
“Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Nigerian mothers, trust your instincts!” – Sola, Abuja
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